William Dunkeld King William I of Scotland 2 3 4 5 6
- Born: 1143 2 3
- Marriage (1): Ermengarde de Beaumont on 5 Sep 1186 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, OX20, GB 1 2
- Marriage (2): Avenell
- Died: 4 Dec 1214, Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirling & Falkirk, Scotland, FK8 1EJ, GB aged 71 2 7
- Buried: Arbroath Abbey, Angus, Scotland, DD11, GB
Another name for William was William "The Lion" Dunkeld.
General Notes:
WILLIAM, son of HENRY of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland & his wife Ada de Warenne (1143-Stirling 4 Dec 1214, bur Arbroath Abbey). Robert of Torigny names "nepotes quos Henricus filius eius" Malcolm and William as successors of "David rex Scotiæ". The Chronicle of Melrose records the birth of "William king of Scotland" in 1143. William of Newburgh names "fratri eius [Malcolmum filii primogenitum] Wilelmo" when recording his succession as Earl of Northumberland on the death of his father. He succeeded his father in 1152 as Earl of Northumberland, his older brother surrendering the earldom in 1157 on his behalf. He succeeded his brother in 1165 as WILLIAM I "the Lion" King of Scotland, and as Earl of Huntingdon. Although Henry II King of England recognised his succession to the earldom of Huntingdon, he refused to grant William the earldom of Northumberland. King William made unsuccessful attempts to regain Northumberland, including joining forces with King Henry's son Henry for an unsuccessful invasion which ended with his defeat and capture at Alnwick 12 Jul 1174, and the confiscation of the earldom of Huntingdon. King Henry re-granted Huntingdon to him in 1185, but King William immediately resigned it in favour of his brother David. In 1189, he contributed £10,000 to Richard I King of England in answer to an appeal for funds to finance the crusade to relieve Jerusalem, in return for release from his allegiance to the English crown and the restoration of the towns of Berwick and Roxburgh. The Chronicle of the Picts and Scots dated 1251 records that "Willielmus" died aged 52 "in Stirlin", and was buried "in Aberbrothock".
Betrothed (1184) to MATHILDE [née Richenza] von Sachsen, daughter of HEINRICH "der Löwe" ex-Duke of Saxony and Bavaria & his second wife Matilda of England (1172-13 Jan [1209/10]). Benedict of Peterborough records the betrothal of "Willelmus rex Scotiæ" and "Matildem filiam Matildis ducissa Saxoniæ". This betrothal was not pursued as the Pope refused a dispensation for the marriage on grounds of consanguinity.
m (Woodstock Palace, Oxford 5 Sep 1186) ERMENGARDE de Beaumont, daughter of RICHARD [I] Vicomte de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe et du Maine & his wife Lucie de Laigle (-11 Feb 1233, bur Balmerino Abbey, Fife). Benedict of Peterborough records that "Ricardus vicecomes de Bellomonte et uxor sua…filiam" brought their daughter to be married to "Willelmo regis Scotiæ" at "Wdestoke Non Sep…1186". The Chronicle of Melrose records the marriage in 1186 of "William king of the Scots" and "a relation of Henry king of England…Ermengarda …daughter of the count of Beaumont who was the son of the daughter of the elder son of William the Bastard". The Chronicle of John of Fordun (Continuator - Annals) records the death of "Queen Ermengarde" in 1233 and her burial at "the abbey of St Edward of Balmurinath". The Extracta ex Cronicis Scocie records the death "III Id Feb", 47 years after her marriage, of "Edmergerda regina Scocia" and her burial "apud Balmurynot" which she had founded.
Mistress (1): --- Avenell, daughter of ROBERT Avenell & his wife ---. The Chronicle of Melrose refers to "the daughter of Robert Avenal" as the mother of King William's daughter Isabel.
Mistress (2): ---. The name of William's second mistress is not known.
Mistress (3): --- de Hythus, daughter of ADAM de Hythus & his wife ---. The Chronicle of Melrose refers to "the daughter of Adam de Hythusum" as the mother of King William's [illegitimate] daughter Margaret.
Mistresses (4) - (9): ---. The names of William's other mistresses are not known.
King William & his wife had four children: Margaret, Alexander, Isabel and Marjory.
[FMG/Medieval Lands]
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WILLIAM, KING OF SCOTLAND, called "the Lion," brother and heir. He was born in 1143. Henry II recognised him as EARL OF HUNTINGDON, but refused him the Earldom of Northumberland, whereupon he became an enemy of the English King. Having joined with Prince Henry in rebellion against his father, he invaded England, was defeated and taken prisoner at Alnwick, 12 July 1174, and deprived of the Earldom. Prince Henry had promised him the Earldom of Northumberland, and Huntingdon and Cambridge to William's brother David. In 1185 he obtained a regrant of Huntingdon from the King, but immediately resigned it to his brother David. As King of Scotland he made a grant to St. Andrew's, Northampton. In 1189 he purchased for 10,000 marks, from Richard I a release of all claim to allegiance from Scotland.
He married, 5 September 1186, at Woodstock, Ermengarde, daughter of Richard, VICOMTE DE BEAUMONT LA MAINE, by Constance, illegitimate daughter of Henry I. He died 4 December 1214, at Stirling, and was bur. at Arbroath. His widow died 11 February 1233, and was buried in the Abbey of Balmerino, Fife, which she had founded.
[Complete Peerage VI:644-5, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
. . . . .
The following corrects the above ancestry for Ermengarde (Constance was Richard's mother):
Some corrections and additions to the Complete Peerage:
HUNTINGDON
Volume 6, page 645 (as modified by volume 14):
He [William, King of Scotland (d. 1214)] m., 5 Sep. 1186, at Woodstock, Ermengarde, da. of Richard, VICOMTE DE BEAUMONT LA MAINE, by Constance, illegitimate da. of Henry I.
According to Complete Peerage, vol. 11, App. D, p. 116, Constance was the mother, not the wife, of Richard de Beaumont. This is supported by vol. 12, part 1, p. 768, note j (continued on p. 769), which prints an extract from a charter of confirmation of King John in 1199 to Constance de Tony [daughter of Richard de Beaumont], referring to her grandmother Constance as the daughter of Henry I.
[The contradiction was pointed out by Henry Sutliff in March 2003. Rosie Bevan provided the evidence from vol. 12, part 1, in November 2003]
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Born in 1143, William the Lion was the younger brother of Malcolm IV. A year after his accession, he went to Normandy with Henry II and later spent Easter 1170 at Windsor. In 1174, however, he joined Henry II's son in his rebellion against his father, and invaded England. He was captured at Alnwick, Northumberland and brought to Henry II with 'his feet shackled beneath the belly of his horse.' He was then held prisoner first in Yorkshire, later at Northampton and finally in France. He was released by the terms of the Treaty of Falaise of 8 December 1174, having been forced to agree to do homage to Henry II 'for Scotland and for all his other lands', and surrender key Scottish castles such as Edinburgh and Stirling.
As William's feudal lord, Henry now had the right to arrange his marriage, and he gave him Ermengarde de Beaumont, whose father was the son of an illegitimate daughter of Henry I. William eventually recovered Scotland from the English king's feudal overlordship, however, when Henry II was succeeded by Richard I. Richard, determined to raise money for his third Crusade, surrendered his feudal superiority over Scotland for 10,000 merks by the Quitclaim of Canterbury on 5 December 1189 and Scotland was an independent country once more. In 1196-7, William established his sovereignty in Caithness.
Under William, the development of feudal institutions continued; in part, the Scottish monarchy's government closely resembled England's. William established royal burghs in eastern Scotland up to moray Firth, and extended the use of sheriffs in the same area. Perth and Stirling became major centres of royal administration.
William I was a vigorous royal patron of the Scottish Church - he founded Arbroath Abbey, Angus in or before 1178. In 1182 Pope Lucius III sent him the Golden Rose and in 1188 Pope Clement III took the Scottish Church under his special protection. In 1192, the Pope granted a Bull to William that recognised the separate identity of the Scottish Church (previously the Church in Scotland had been brought under the authority of the Archbishop of York), and its independence of all ecclesiastical authorities apart from Rome. Gervase of Canterbury described William as 'a man of outstanding sanctity ... much preferring to have peace than the sword and to provide for his people by wisdom rather than iron'. William died at Stirling on 4 December 1214, aged 71, and was buried at Arbroath.
[Encyclopaedia Britannica] 1
Events
• Title: Earl of Northumbria, 1152 To 1157.
• Title: King of Scotland, 1165 To 1214.
• Title: Earl of Huntingdon.
William married Ermengarde de Beaumont, daughter of Richard I de Beaumont Vicomte de Beaumont, Fresnay et Sainte-Suzanne and Lucie de l'Aigle, on 5 Sep 1186 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, OX20, GB.1 2 (Ermengarde de Beaumont died on 11 Feb 1233 in Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirling & Falkirk, Scotland, FK8 1EJ, GB 1 and was buried in Balmerino Abbey, Balmerino, Fife, Scotland, DD6 8SB, GB 1.)
William next married Avenell, daughter of Robert Avenell and Sibylla, on 5 Sep 1186 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, OX20, GB.
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