William Marshal 2nd Earl of Pembroke ^{1 2}

  General Notes:

WILLIAM Marshal (Normandy [1190]-Fawley, Buckinghamshire 6 Apr 1231, bur 15 Apr 1231 Temple Church, London). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, names (in order) "Willihelmus, Richardus, Gilbertus, Walterus et Ancellimus" as sons of "Willielmi Marescalli comitis Penbrochiæ", adding that each succeeded in turn as earl of Pembroke and died without children. He was one of the 25 Barons elected to ensure the execution of the provisions of Magna Carta. In May 1216, he joined Louis de France [the future King Louis VIII] who had invaded England, but in Autumn 1216 deserted Louis, retired to Wales. In Mar 1217, he joined a revolt against Louis at Rye, and 20 May 1217 fought at the battle of Lincoln. He succeeded his father in 1219 as Earl of Pembroke, hereditary Master Marshal. The Annales Cambriæ record that "Willielmus Marescallus junior" arrived in Ireland in 1220, recording in the following passage that "Willielmus comes iuvenis filius Willielmi Marescalli comitis" returned to South Wales from Ireland in 1221 and acquired "castella Kermerdin et Aberteiui", and in a later text that he returned to Ireland in 1222, was appointed "justiciarum totius Hiberniæ" and subjugated "filios Hugonis de Lacy". "Willielmus mareschallus Angliæ, comes Penbrochiæ" founded Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, for the souls of "bonæ memoriæ Walteri filii Ricardi filii Gilberti Strongbowe avi mei, et Willelmi Marescalli patris mei, et Ysabellæ matris meæ", by charter dated 22 Mar 1222. He was appointed Justiciar of Ireland 2 May 1224, invested at Dublin [20] Jun 1224, but resigned 22 Jun 1226. Matthew Paris records that he died just after the marriage of his sister Isabel to Richard Earl of Cornwall. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the death "apud Falle juxta Merlawe…VII Id Apr" in 1231 of "Willelmus Mariscallus junior" and his burial "apud Novum Templum Lundoniæ juxta patrem suum". The Annales Cambriæ record the death "VII Id Apr" in 1230 of "Willelmus Marescallus". The Annals of Dunstable record that "Willelmus Marescallus" died in 1231. The Annales Londonienses record the death in 1231 of "Willelmus Marescallus comes de Pembrok" and his burial "apud Novum Templum".

m firstly (contract 6 Nov 1204, 1214) ALIX de Béthune dame de Choques, daughter of BAUDOUIN de Béthune Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Hawise d'Aumâle (-[1216], bur London, St Paul's Cathedral). The 13th century Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d´Angleterre records that "Bauduins li cuens d´Aubemalle…[et] Havy la contesse sa feme" had "une fille…Aalis" who married "Guillemin le frère Guillaume le mareschal le conte de Pembroc". King John confirmed "maritagium de Willelmo filio Willelmi Marescall com de Pembroke" and "Alicia filia B. de Bettun comitis de Albamar", providing that William should marry "alteram filiam predicti comitis" if Alix died, and that Alix should marry "Ric junior filius suus" should William die, by charter dated 9 Jul 1204.

m secondly (23 Apr 1224) as her first husband, ELEANOR of England, daughter of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (1215-convent of the sisters of St Dominic, near Montargis 13 Apr 1275). The Annals of Dunstable record that "Willelmus Marscallus junior" married "sororem Henrici regis Angliæ" in 1225, recorded as the first event in that year. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage in 1224 of "soror regis Henrici"and "juveni Marescallo". She is recorded as "Pembrocensis comitissa" (not named), sister of Isabella, by Matthew Paris in 1236. He names her as daughter of King John in a later passage which records her second marriage with "Simon de Monteforti", specifying that she was "relictam Willelmi Marescalli comitis de Penbrochia". She became a nun after the death of her first husband, taking a vow of perpetual celibacy. She married secondly (King's Chapel, Palace of Westminster 7 Jan 12381330) Simon de Montfort , her vows of chastity not being considered a canonical impediment to her second marriage, her second husband obtaining Papal absolution in Rome for the marriage. The Annals of Tewkesbury record the marriage "XIX Kal Feb in parvula capella regis apud Westmonasterium" of "soror regis Angliæ uxor quondam junioris Marscalli" and "Symoni de Monteforti". She retired once more as a nun at Montargis (a cell of the Abbey of Fontevrault) after her second husband was killed.

[FMG/Medieval Lands]

--------------------------------

WILLIAM (MARSHAL), EARL OF PEMBROKE, hereditary Master Marshal, 1st son and heir, born circa 1190, in Normandy. In 1205 his father gave him to King John as a hostage for his loyalty, but he was released in 1212. He joined the baronial opposition, and in February 1214/5 he was present at the meeting of the Barons at Stamford. In June he was elected one of the 25 Barons to ensure the execution of the provisions of Magna Carta, and he was excommunicated by the Pope on 11 December. On 9 April 1216 he had letters of safe conduct to go to his father; but in May he was one of the Barons who joined Louis of France and did homage to him. When Louis made Adam de Beaumont the Marshal of the army, William claimed the office as his by hereditary right and obtained it. In July he seized Worcester for Louis, but retreated when the Earl of Chester approached. In the autumn he deserted Louis and retired to Wales. In March 1216/7 he joined the Earl of Salisbury in a revolt at Rye against Louis, who was only saved by the arrival of a French fleet. William and Salisbury retreated and joined the Marshal. With Salisbury he besieged and took the castles of Winchester and Southampton, after which William besieged and captured Marlborough Castle. On 20 May 1217 he fought at Lincoln. On 21 February 1217/8 he was granted the profits from the money exchanges in 6 cities for 500 marks per annum. In May 1219 he succeeded his father in the Earldom and estates; but on 20 May 1220 he ceded the Norman lands to his brother Richard. In 1223 he sailed from Ireland with a large force to fight the Welsh, recaptured his castles, defeated Llewelyn and compelled him to come to terms. On 7 November 1223 he was appointed constable of the castles of Carmarthen and Cardigan. From 2 May 1224 to 22 June 1226 he was Justiciar of Ireland. In 1230 he accompanied the King to Brittany, and when Henry returned to England he was left to carry on the war. He founded the house of Friars Preachers at Kilkenny, and was a benefactor to the abbeys of Tintern and Mottisfont, the priory of Inistioge, St. Paul's Cathedral, and the hospital of St. Mary Rounceval; and he confirmed his father's gifts to St. Thomas of Dublin.

He married, 1stly, in 1214, Alice, daughter of Baldwin DE BETHUNE, COUNT OF AUMALE, by Hawise, daughter and probably heir of William, COUNT OF AUMALE, and widow of [I] William (DE MANDEVILLE), EARL OF ESSEX, [II] William DE FORZ, both COUNTS OF AUMALE jure uxoris (see AUMALE); which Alice died before 1221, probably circa 1216, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London. He married, 2ndly, 23 April 1224, Eleanor, younger daughter of JOHN, King of England, by Isabel, daughter and heir of Aymer, COUNT OF ANGOULÊME (which Isabel married, 2ndly, Hugh DE LUSIGNAN, COUNT OF LA MARCHE). William died s.p., 6 April, and was buried 15 April 1231, in the Temple Church London. His widow took the veil but eventually married, 2ndly, Simon (DE MONTFORT), EARL OF LEICESTER.

[Complete Peerage X:365-8, XIV:521, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]

--------------------------------

William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, who, in the time of his father, was as strenuous a supporter of the baronial cause as that nobleman was of the royal interests, and was constituted one of the twenty-five barons appointed to enforce the observance of Magna Carta, being then styled "Comes Mareschal, Jun." After the decease of King John, however, he made his peace and, becoming loyally attached to the new monarch, obtained grants of the forfeited lands of his former companions, Sayer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, and David, Earl of Huntingdon. His lordship was subsequently engaged against the Welsh and defeated their Prince, Llewelyn, with great slaughter; and in the 14th Henry III [1230], he was captain-general of the king's forces in Brittany. He m. 1st, Alice, dau. of Baldwin de Betun, Earl of Albemarle; and 2ndly, the Lady Alianore Plantagenet, dau. of King John, and sister of Henry III, but had issue by neither. He d. in 1231, and was s. by his next brother, Richard Marshal.

[Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 358, Marshal, Earls of Pembroke] ³

  Events

• Bullet, 1215. MAGNA CHARTA SURETY

William married someone Eleanor of England, daughter of John I of England King of England, 3rd Earl of Gloucester and Isabelle d'Angoulême Comtesse d’Angoulême, on 23 Apr 1224.¹ (Eleanor of England was born in 1215 ^{1 4} and died on 13 Apr 1275 in Couvent des Ursulines, Montargis, Loiret, Centre, 45200, FR ^{1 4}.)